Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy

J Infect Dis. Neuronal cell killing by the envelope protein of HIV and its prevention by vasoactive intestinal peptide. Human macrophages convert L-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Biochem J. Secretion of neurotoxins by mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and neurochemical alterations in cultured human brains.

Interleukin-1 immunoreactive innervation of the human hypothalamus. Relationship of cerebrospinal fluid immune activation associated factors to HIV encephalitis. Progressive slowing of reaction time and increasing cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of quinolinic acid in HIV-infected individuals. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. Relationship of neurologic status in macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus to cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid.

Brain Res. Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV-1 infection: relationship to clinical and neurological status. Poliovirus induces indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and quinolinic acid synthesis in macaque brain.

Inter-relationships between quinolinic acid, neuroactive kynurenines, neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of HIVinfected patients.

J Neuroimmunol. Mechanism of delayed increases in kynurenine pathway metabolism in damaged brain regions following transient cerebral ischemia.

J Neurochem. Quantification of quinolinic acid in rat brain, whole blood, and plasma by gas chromatography and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry: effects of systemic L-tryptophan administration on brain and blood quinolinic acid concentrations. Anal Biochem. Acta Neuropathol. Macrophages as susceptible targets for HIV infection, persistent viral reservoirs in tissue, and key immunoregulatory cells that control levels of virus replication and extent of disease.

Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease. Median survival after diagnosis was 14 months. High viral load in infancy was associated with increased risk of encephalopathy but was not predictive of age at onset. Conclusions: Encephalopathy in children with HIV is common and is associated with high viral load, immunodeficiency, and shortened survival.

Human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy. Encephalopathy resulting from AIDS. Term Hierarchy. Recent clinical studies. Etiology Recovery of HIV encephalopathy in perinatally infected children on antiretroviral therapy.

Epub Aug 10 doi: PMID: HIV encephalopathy with bilateral lower limb spasticity: gross motor function and antiretroviral therapy.